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中国刀剑

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从左向右排列:春秋式剑、战国式剑、秦剑、汉剑、明剑、清剑

中国的刀剑类武器在传统上可分为“刀”与“剑”两个大类。其中“剑”通常为两侧对称的双刃式设计,主要的攻击方式为刺/扎/截等,在英语中通常意译作“longsword”;与之相对的,“刀”一般则是一边开刃的单刃式设计,并且自宋代起刀身整体多为弯曲式,主要攻击方式为劈/砍/切等,在英语中通常意译作“saber”或“knife”。

中国的刀剑历史最早可追溯至上古时代,最早的青铜剑于西周时期便已经出现,刀剑的材料在战国时代后期开始改为使用更为耐操的锻铁与钢材。而在现代,解放军海军的仪仗刀自2008年起开始仿照中国传统刀剑的样式而设计[1][2]。除蝴蝶雙刀等特殊武器之外,一般的中国刀剑在长度上通常都为70—110 cm(28—43英寸)左右,但一些情况下也会有超长的刀剑被使用[3]。

除了古代中国之外,日本古代也曾在公元3至6世纪期间使用过中国式刀剑,但后者在平安时代期间逐渐演化为了日本刀并随之被其所最终取代[4]。

参见[编辑]

中国剑术

中国甲冑

中国攻城武器

日本刀

印度刀剑

朝鲜刀剑

参考文献[编辑]

^ Chinese naval academy graduates receive swords. [2023-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2023-09-10).

^ 一部全球海军佩剑史:从中国军官配发汉剑说起|界面新闻 · JMedia. www.jiemian.com. [2023-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-26).

^ Wagner, Donald B. Iron and Steel in Ancient China. New York, New York: E. J. Brill. 1993: 191–199. ISBN 90-04-06234-3.

^ Sugawara, Tetsutaka; Lujian Xing. Aikido and Chinese Martial Arts: Its Fundamental Relations Vol. 1. Japan Publications Trading. 1996: 4–5. ISBN 0-87040-934-4.

书目[编辑]

Andrade, Tonio, The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History, Princeton University Press, 2016, ISBN 978-0-691-13597-7 .

Behr, Wolfgang. Stray loanword gleanings from two Ancient Chinese fictional texts. 16e Journées de Linguistique d'Asie Orientale, Centre de Recherches Linguistiques Sur l'Asie Orientale (E.H.E.S.S.), Paris. 2002: 1–6.

Brindley, Erica Fox, Ancient China and the Yue, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-107-08478-0.

Brindley, Erica Fox, Barbarians or Not? Ethnicity and Changing Conceptions of the Ancient Yue (Viet) Peoples, ca. 400–50 BC (PDF), Asia Major 16 (2): 1–32, 2003 [2023-10-26], JSTOR 41649870, (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-26).

Coyet, Frederic, Neglected Formosa: a translation from the Dutch of Frederic Coyett's Verwaerloosde Formosa, 1975

Crespigny, Rafe de, Fire Over Luoyang: A History of the Later Han Dynasty, 23-220 AD, Brill, 2017

Graff, David A., Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900, Routledge, 2002

Graff, David A., The Eurasian Way of War: Military practice in seventh-century China and Byzantium, Routledge, 2016

Kitamura, Takai, Zhanlue Zhanshu Bingqi: Zhongguo Zhonggu Pian, Gakken, 1999

Lorge, Peter A., Chinese Martial Arts: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-87881-4

Lorge, Peter, The Reunification of China: Peace through War under the Song Dynasty, Cambridge University Press, 2015

Milburn, Olivia, The Glory of Yue, 2010

Peers, C.J., Ancient Chinese Armies: 1500-200BC, Osprey Publishing, 1990

Peers, C.J., Medieval Chinese Armies: 1260-1520, Osprey Publishing, 1992

Peers, C.J., Imperial Chinese Armies (1): 200BC-AD589, Osprey Publishing, 1995

Peers, C.J., Imperial Chinese Armies (2): 590-1260AD, Osprey Publishing, 1996

Peers, C.J., Soldiers of the Dragon: Chinese Armies 1500 BC - AD 1840, Osprey Publishing Ltd, 2006

Peers, Chris, Battles of Ancient China, Pen & Sword Military, 2013

Perdue, Peter C., China Marches West, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005

Robinson, K.G., Science and Civilization in China Volume 7 Part 2: General Conclusions and Reflections, Cambridge University Press, 2004

Swope, Kenneth M., A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598, University of Oklahoma Press, 2009

Wood, W. W., Sketches of China, 1830

Wagner, Donald B., Iron and Steel in Ancient China, E.J. Brill, 1996

Wagner, Donald B., Science and Civilization in China Volume 5-11: Ferrous Metallurgy, Cambridge University Press, 2008

Wright, David, From War to Diplomatic Parity in Eleventh Century China, Brill, 2005

Late Imperial Chinese Armies: 1520-1840 C.J. Peers, Illustrated by Christa Hook, Osprey Publishing «Men-at-arms», ISBN 1-85532-655-8

外部链接[编辑]

http://www.shadowofleaves.com/Chinese_Sword_History.htm (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)

http://www.chinesesword.net/Swordplay/Swordplay1E.htm (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)

查论编中國古代武器種類短柄

短劍

斬馬劍

匕首

爪刀

環首刀

橫刀

手刀

雁翅刀

雁翎刀

柳葉刀

牛尾刀

大刀

長刀

斬馬刀

朴刀

苗刀

片刀

蝴蝶雙刀

拐(旋棍)

環(圈)

筆架叉

越王勾踐劍

打神鞭

長柄

標槍

狼筅

狼牙棒

戰槌

薙刀

長柄刀

偃月刀

眉尖刀

鳳嘴刀

鉤鐮刀

戟刀

青龍偃月刀(關刀)

三尖兩刃刀

丈八蛇矛

鉤鐮槍

火尖槍

方天畫戟

三叉戟

如意金箍棒

九齒釘耙

月牙鏟

弓弩

連弩

神臂弩

床子弩

火器

火箭

火槍

突火枪

火銃

手銃

三眼銃

掣電銃

迅雷銃

碗口銃

虎蹲砲

一窩蜂

火龍出水

連鎖

流星錘

繩鏢

雙節棍

三节棍

九節鞭

鎖鎌

分銅鎖

攻城

雲梯

衝車

巢車

望樓車

轒轀車

洞屋

鵝車

呂公車

投石機

回回砲

猛火油

其它

盔甲

盾牌

藤牌

鉤爪

飛鏢

峨嵋刺

鸳鸯钺

鷄鐮(英语:Chicken sickles)

风火轮

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